Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Health Of The World - 889 Words

The health of the world does not fall on one country, rather it is a joint effort that should bring the world together. The information about the health of the world is the job public health professionals. Public Health Professionals are not only scientific but also artistic. Their job is to research, educated and to promote health. They are supposed to join together the developed world and the undeveloped countries in order to prevent the spread of disease and make an overall healthier world. This is shown with the Sustainable Development Goals. Their job is to research, educated and to promote healthy lifestyles. Most importantly, Public Health Professionals are trying to promote these Sustainable Development goals. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 targets, that have replaced the Millennium Development Goal that were not completed by their deadline. They have a deadline of 2030 to complete everything from eradicating poverty to good health and well being to peace justice and strong institutions for all. These were sigh by over 100 nations, making this a joint effort by the entire world. Public Health Professionals follow these goals and different statistics throughout the world. Public Health Professionals follow different statistics like deaths, disease and poverty rates in order understand what is happening throughout the world. These rates show what exactly people across the world are fighting in regards to health. An important part is the data, they canShow MoreRelatedHealth And Health Of The World Health Organization Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of health according to the World Health Organization is: â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. It is the goal of health psychologists to identify and understand what determines physical, mental, and social well-being. Rather than focusing on mental illness, it focuses on physical health. The aim of health psychology is to promote and maintain health, prevent and treat illness, identify and diagnose the correlationRead MoreHealth Outcomes Of The World Health1755 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst health outcome measure was proposed by Florence Nightingale by classifying patients into relieved, unrelieved and dead (1). Other guides such as mortality rates have historically been used to measure health outcomes at a population level (2). However, the definition of health has changed in the past century to include a wider view of outcomes which includes freedom from disease, ability to perform daily activities, happiness, social and emotional well-being, and quality of life. The World HealthRead MoreWorld Health Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesThe World Health Organisation is a specialised agency of the United Nations with primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. Through this organisation, which was created in 1948, the health professions of some 180 c ountries exchange their knowledge and experience with the aim of making possible the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life The DSM system isRead MoreWorld Health Organization1440 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Health Organization The World Health Organization is a global organization that works on health conditions throughout the world. The WHO works with countries all over the world to help fix health policies to improve health conditions and the quality of life. The World Health Organization is currently working on fixing and improving mental health policies throughout the world. The World Health Organization works on addressing health related issues throughout the world; an important issue theyRead MoreThe World Health Organization Response1080 Words   |  5 Pagesor may not be fatal to our health. Imagine getting an Eagle Alert saying that there has been a recent outbreak of Ebola in the Hattiesburg area. What would you do? It is not up to use to handle the situation but it is up to the World Health Organization (WHO) to respond to a terrifying event such as that. II. Significance: WHO’s are the people that we count on to keep the world a safer place from dangerous diseases. It shines a light on how effective the World Health Organization response is towardsRead MoreVaccines : The World Health Organization1277 Words   |  6 PagesDuring every year everyone trembles in fear as a new and stronger strand of flu like sickness comes along. These viruses are met with vaccines that are swiftly made by the World Health Organization. The problem with the way that vaccines are made is, the World Health Organization not only makes the vaccines but also deems the vaccines safe. Since they are responsible for making and deeming the vaccines safe, mistakes can lead to mass deaths. For this reason there should be checks and balances whereRead MoreThe Stigma Of The World Health Organization997 Words   |  4 PagesErasing the Stigma According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"One in four people in the world will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives.† This means that there are diseases that exist that can affect anyone in the world, but because an ignorant society dismisses it as less serious or something one can control, less and less people seek help. The brain, as complicated and important as it is, can in no way be perfect. Mental Health illnesses are not less seriousRead MoreThe World Health Organization ( 2014 )1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe world health organization (2014) have states the importance of finding successful interventions to prevent child obesity as the rates has been raising dramatically in the past few decades. WHO has highlighted some of the aspects which may contribute in obesity in children, including environment, food choice (such as HFSS), and mother’s health during pregnancy (gestational diabetes), parent’s acknowledg e, marketing (targeting children) and digitalized world (encourage inactivity and sedentaryRead MoreHealth Rights Within The World Health Organization Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesHEALTH RIGHTS IN CONFLICT/DISASTER CONTEXT According to the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The above definition of health by the World Health Organization redefined the concept of health among the different stakeholders involved in safeguarding people’s right to health. Until then health was merely seen as an absence of disease. But this definition helped the world to reimaginingRead MoreSchizophrenia And The World Health Organization Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is perhaps the least understood and most frightening of the mental disorders. One percent of the world population is affected by it and the World Health Organisation has ranked it as the seventh greatest cause of disability worldwide (Frangou, 2008). On average it takes one to one and half decades off the sufferers life and is a greater cause of mortality than many cancers and physical illnesses (van Os Kapur, 2009). This paper will present an out of hospital case study and compare

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Pride And Prejudice As A Conservative Essay - 1783 Words

Pride and Prejudice is justly regarded as a conservative text, though with minor risks taken on the strict class system present in the early nineteenth century. The risk being that Bingley and Darcy chose to marry into the far less wealthy family of the Bennets. However, the concepts of early, wealthy marrying being the life goal of the average lady of the time, alongside the rigid aristocratic class system based all around the money a family possessed, best exemplified by Darcy’s sense of Elizabeth’s â€Å"inferiority† (124) when he is confessing his love for a significantly poorer individual. In this sense, Pride and Prejudice very clearly abides by the ideals of the time in which it was written, however, it was willing to bend the norms a†¦show more content†¦Charlotte chose to marry Collins simply over the need to have â€Å"only a comfortable home† (83) instead of any remote romantic attraction, and the Wickham got the short end of the stick in terms of romance, but was heavily bribed by Darcy to marry Lydia, resulting in a loveless, lavish life with one another. The marriage between the Bennets does not specialize in either department, but that isn’t to say they do not share both economic stability and some romance. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet do love one another, though get into quarrels often about how â€Å"tiresome†(1) they can be, but do still care for the other’s well being. In terms of money, they are passable, though nowhere near Darcy and Bingley. In the world of Pride and Prejudice, for a woman to marry well, the primary attribute she must hold is respectability above all. The most well married couples of Jane and Elizabeth are based mostly on the respectability and grace that the two women hold. Despite them not coming from a wealthy family, being a â€Å"gentleman’s daughter† (232), and acting rightly so, allowed both of them to marry quite well. One would argue Jane’s beauty was the defining reason Bingley chose her, but Elizabeth married as well as she did, so it seems that character and genuinity played a larger role. A counterexample to the two, is Lydia and her character wrought with â€Å"assurance and disdain of all restraint† (150) made her marry the far less desirableShow MoreRelatedComparing The Regency Era And The Current Decade. Class Issues, Racial Barriers, And Heredity1300 Words   |  6 Pagesher novel, Pride and Prejudice; nevertheless, Austen emphasized the reality of marriage being a strict agreement between two families with the premise of the marriage benefitting the wealth and class of the family as a whole. â€Å"Love† was a foreign idea that had absolutely had no role in deciding on a suitor. In Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, she emphasizes the division between love and societal expectations through the relationships of the Bennet sisters. Pride and Prejudice has the unmistakableRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay1756 Words   |  8 Pagesin writing social commentary to bridge the gap between romance and realism. This essay will use Lost in Austen, an adaptation of Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, in order to address both radical and conservative natures the TV mini-series generates as opposed to the novel. The modern escapism and fantasy Lost in Austen presents is utilized to elaborate, reiterate, and challenge the social issues that Pride and Prejudice establish. This involves the association of these arguments – class is prideful,Read MoreExamples Of Matriarchy In A Raisin In The Sun991 Words   |  4 PagesMatriarchy in A Raisin in the Sun A Raisin in the Sun is a play about many things including Racism, segregation, prejudice and the American dream but it is actually also about a matriarchy. Mama is pretty much the leader of this matriarch and Ruth is struggling with this role. The purpose of this essay is to explain how the Younger family household is actually a representation of a matriarchy. Lena (Mama) is the higher matriarch of the household pretty much deciding everything for most of herRead MoreEssay on Homosexuality in Hong Kong1477 Words   |  6 Pagesother residents. (Some of the homosexuals encountered barriers and discriminations towards employments, promotions, housing applications and many of them dealt with some level of social ostracism. )The situation can be partially attributed to the conservative people who still having strong oppositions against homosexual behaviors. They deem it an imposition of decadent western values on such a society, which is unknown in tradition Chinese culture. Although the criminal law in 1991 has been reformedRead MoreLangston Hughes and the Civil Rights Movement.1725 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution of 1917 had left the world in disorder and stimulated anti-colonial movements throughout the third world. In America, twenty years of progressive reform ended with the red scare, race riots, and isolationism throughout 1919 and led to conservative administrations through the twenties. While blacks were stunned by racial violence near the end of the decade and were frustrated by the lack of racial progress that progressivism had made, they were now armed with new civil rights organizationsRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Women By Jane Austen And Charles Dickens Essay2871 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of the Portrayal of Women by Jane Austen and Charles Dickens in Pride and Prejudice and Hard Times respectively, in view of their social positions, gender identities and historical situations. Published first in 1813, Pride and Prejudice is universally acknowledged as Jane Austen’s (1775-1817) most popular work of all times. The novel was written between 1796 and 1797 and was initially titled First Impressions. Set in the backdrop of rural England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenthRead MoreEssay on Belonging - Rainbows End and the Year My Voice Broke1353 Words   |  6 PagesEssay ‘A sense of belonging can emerge from the connections made to people and places’. A common human characteristic is the yearning to feel a sense of belonging through connections and different forms of relationships made in life. A sense of belonging or not belonging can emerge from feeling connected to people and places, whether they have been freely cast there or not. An individual will only feel a true sense of belonging through the understanding of those connections, which are createdRead MoreZora Neale Hurston A Genius of the South Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesZora Neale Hurston is a trailblazer. Back then people ridiculed her, but she felt the pride and dignity within herself. She was seen as an African-American grandmother in many images of black women writers (Showalter 221). Her talent for African-American literature excited the new readers who were constantly reading her literary works (â€Å"Hurston,† Feminist). Occasionally, both black and white supporters reviewed her books (McKay). She demonstrates a larger pattern of white American culture t o be substantiallyRead More The Harlem Renaissance: Writers Reacting To Their Political Environment3405 Words   |  14 PagesRevolution of 1917 had left the world in disorder and stimulated anticolonial movements throughout the third world. In America, twenty years of progressive reform ended with the red scare, race riots, and isolationism throughout 1919 and led to conservative administrations through the twenties. While blacks were stunned by racial violence near the end of the decade and were frustrated by the lack of racial progress that progressivism had made, they were now armed with new civil rights organizationsRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 Pages12 2.3 The Gothic Romance. 13 3. Jane Austen and Her Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 5.2. Men of sense and silly wives 26 5.3. Emma as the unusual learning. 28

Friday, December 13, 2019

Women and Enlightenment within the Jain Religion Free Essays

Jain religion is of Indian orientation and involves rediscovering the Dharma, which is a person’s virtuous path or righteous duty. Dharma is a concept used when explaining ultimate reality or higher truth in the universe. Jains are people who follow Tirthankaras’ teachings, and there are twenty four special Jinas. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Enlightenment within the Jain Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Jain religion inspires people to be spiritually developed through enhancing their self control and personal wisdom. The main goal of this religion is to realize the true nature of the soul. There are three gems to Jainism, and they are the conduct, knowledge as well as the right and true perception. Jainism aims at liberating the followers from universal cycles of birth and death. The liberated followers are called siddha, and the ones struggling to be liberated are called samsarin. The samsarins have to follow teachings of Jinas in order to become siddha, through attaining Moksha, which is the liberation from karma. Jainism teaches that Dharma and the Universe have no ending and beginning but encounters cyclical changes. The worldly soul (samsarin) is seen to take various forms that include plant and animal form, human being, hell being and deity. It is different from most religions due to the fact that it does not believe in God or a divine creator, destroyer or preserver. It believes that every soul has potential to be divine and that Siddhas who eliminate karmic bonding completely, are seen to either be close to or have achieved consciousness of God . History. The earliest documented leader of Jainism is Parshvanatha, who is said by scholars to have lived during the 9th Century. During the 6th Century, Vardhamana was regarded as a very influential Jainism teacher . He had followers who followed his teachings and doctrines. They also interacted with him so that they could achieve enlightenment. His followers called him Jina, which refers to conqueror. Kalinga, which in the modern day is Osiaji and Orissa, had many Jains who lived there. This faith was briefly disrupted by Mahapadma, who conquered the place and took Rishabhanatha’s statue. However, Kharvela who was an emperor, conquered Magatha, taking the statue of Rishabhanatha. Udaygiri and Khandagiri caves are the only remnants of Jain monuments since the wood buildings were destroyed. Jainism is a dominant philosophical, cultural, political and social force in Asia since civilization. It has influence in Hinduism and Buddhism since the ancient history. There is a close association between Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The connection between Buddhism and Jainism traces its roots to the origins of Buddhism, since Jainism was prevailing at the time . Hinduism on the other hand shares certain common philosophies with some Jain sects. Laity in Jainism performed roles that were very similar to those performed by monks including religious privileges and duties, which served to unite the two religions. This ensured that they did not change for many centuries, though the fact that Buddhism had lesser demands for laymen, made it change several times. Jainism is one of smallest religions in the world since it has slightly over 10 million followers. However, the fact that these followers are distributed all over India, makes the religion significant. Other Jain communities are concentrated in United kingdom, the United States, East Africa and Canada. Digambara and Svetambara traditions. The Jain sangha, which encompasses monks, laymen and women, and nuns, is split between two major sects called the Digambara and the Svetambara sects. It is believed by historians that the split occurred in 5th Century after the chief monk Bhadrabahu led over 10,000 Digambara followers into South India after foreseeing famine. After a decade of being away, they returned and broke away from the Svetambara sect . However, there are minimal differences between the sects. Digambara monks believe that clothing leads to dependence on material possessions and therefore they do not wear them. On the other hand, Svetambara monks wear seamless white clothes, since Jain scripture does not forbid the use of clothing . Jain organization. One of the factors that led to the existence of this community from the ancient to the modern times is its organization. Initially, there were four classes in society which were said to have originated from the arms, feet, thighs and mouth of Brahman, their creator. They were the Rajanya, Sudra, Vaisya and Brahman. The Brahman was the superior class of all the classes. These classes had different rules that governed each of them. The Brahmin class was given unusual importance and other classes were neglected, which made the classes develop rivalry. There was also prevalent social discrimination and inequality due to the presence of these classes. This made Mahavira oppose the groupings and later Jaina Archaryas also joined in the opposition. Soon the society was divided into four groups, but based on activities that the people carried out. The four groups were; the male ascetics or Sadhus, the female ascetics or Sadhvis, the male laity or Shravakas and the female laity or Shravikas. These groups have close relations and have similar religious vows that are applicable to them. They made everyone have equal opportunities regardless of their birth or class and they were free to change classes with choice, unlike before. The people who wished to follow the religion while still living in households were referred to as sravikas and sravakas, if they were females and males respectively. Those who chose to leave the households and become ascetics were referred to as sadhvis and sadhus if they were females and males respectively. The classes emphasized on behavior modes and individual character and no one was degraded or neglected as they could do professions of their choice. Women’s religious emancipation. Before the introduction of Jainism, women were regarded as Sudras, the lowest social class. Women were barred from undertaking investment and initiation in religious passages. They were also seen to be irrelevant to religious threads which were sacred. According to passages of the past, people were discouraged from seeing women, dead bodies and Sudras among other things. This shows that they were taken to be a curse, which could be equated to a dead body. They were degraded and neglected by the society and they had no religious role to play in society. Tirthankra Mahavira changed all this by treating females and males equally. Regarding religion, he made sure that the rules that regulated the conduct of both sexes were the same, and both had equal opportunities to practise religious duties, read sacred texts, practice penance, vratas among other practices. Women were also given equal chances with men regarding the entrance to the ascetic order. He ensured that females were free to join the ascetic order regardless of whether candidates who were being admitted were aristocracy members, societal common run or royal consorts. This led to many women joining the ascetic order. For instance, in Tirthankara the figures for sadhus and sadhvis were 14,000 and 36,000 respectively and those for Sravaks and Sravikas were 100,000 and 300,000 respectively. This shows that the number of women was more than that of men in cases of both ascetics and householders. This reflects the eagerness that women had in using the opportunity to learn about religion. In fact, Jydesta and Chandana both of who were queen Trisaladevi’s younger sisters, Mahavira’s mother and their uncle’s wife, Yasasvati entered the Mahavira’s ascetic order. In the long run, Chandana became the female ascetic leader, which showed that women had an equal opportunity to make high achievements. Most of them became preachers and teachers due to these opportunities. Jain ascetism. Ascetism in Jainism involves renouncing possessions and materials. Jain ascetics do not also participate in any violence whatsoever. They do not hurt any insect or human and carry special brooms that brush off any insects that they encounter. Some even wear protection over their mouths so that they can avoid hurting insects or germs accidentally. They do not also use devices, machines or electricity since they perceive it to be violence. Jain ascetics always travel barefoot, sleep on floors without coverings, and use certain platforms for sitting. These ascetics only eat vegetarian diet that does not include roots. Some ascetics meditate on hill tops or around rivers according to the mental and physical limits of the ascetics. Jain ascetics are celibate and they do not share platforms or touch. They also move from place to place to prevent becoming attached to a particular place. When ascetics feel that death is imminent, such as when having terminal illness or advanced ages, most of them prefer a detached and peaceful death where water, food and medicine are abandoned. Shvetambara and Digambara ascetics. The monks in Schetambara sect solicit for alms from people in households and do not cook food. It is however important to note that they do not beg for it; they accept food only from people whose mind is pure and when such food is offered willingly and in the right manner. In such circumstances, the monks eats a measly amount while standing. Monks and nuns in this cult only own a bowl used for collecting alms and eating, and white robes. Meanwhile, those in the Digambara sect eat one meal each day. The male monks in this sect walk nude and only carry soft brooms (pinchi), which are made from feathers of peacocks and a water jug. Nuns however dress in white robes. They also do not use utensils when eating, and they use their hands. Their belief teaches them that Mahavir was unmarried, unlike the Shvetambars. Women enlightenment. Jainism to a large extent treated women using similar ethical codes as men. The ethical codes used involve five virtues that speak against various vices. These codes are SATYA, which advocates for truth, AHIMSA which advocates for non-violence, ACHAURYA which advocates for non-stealing, APARIGRAH which advocates for non-possessiveness and BRAHMACHARYA which advocates for the purity of the mind and body. These ethical codes are equally applicable for both men and women. Jainism taught both women and men to help each other and perform common roles. These roles were geared towards preserving the environment and improving welfare of mankind. Both women and men were also responsible for their moral conduct. Due to the biological differences between women and men, together with society’s gender stereotyping, roles for women and men differed in the cultural and social setup. This was not meant to be discriminatory, since Jainism viewed women and men equally in terms of concern for welfare of their families and children, and also in terms of playing of their roles. The inherent change in the patriarchal society does not undermine Jainism’s view of equality between the sexes. Jainism even had some nuns who were included in the religious practice, since the inception of this religion. However, some questions have been raised about equality between women and men regarding the issue of spirituality in Jainism. Some people of the view that there is inequality when it comes to spirituality, since women are hindered from growing spiritually and religiously due to the fact that they are female. Some people even went to the extent of perceiving women to be impure due to their femininity. Further evidence of this perception is given by the culture of the Digambara sect. This sect does not believe that a woman can achieve Moksha, or liberation from Karma, during the same birth. This is explained by the fact that in the Digambara sect, asceticism requires one to be nude, which is impractical in the real world as it would expose them to rape and attacks by men. This is also due to the fact that Jainism does not allow women to appear naked. There is also the belief that a woman cannot attain the level of siddha. This is because they are perceived to be unable to lead a true ascetic lifestyle since they are prohibited from being nude, yet Digambaras perceive clothing as worldly possessions. The fact that women could not free themselves from the ‘bondage’ of clothing was perceived to mean that they could not be free of fear and shame that arose from their nakedness. Some women, in their quest to achieve enlightenment, are of the view that they should first move out of the female form. Thereafter, they should move towards the form of God after which they can take the male form. After attaining the male form, they can now be able to attain kaivalya. Inequality between male and female enlightenment. Some scholars, are of the view that the real reason why women cannot achieve the highest level of enlightenment is not limited to their clothing. He says that in most religions, including the Digambaras sect, women are perceived to represent the transient and illusory material world (maya), that the religion seeks to renounce. This perception can be attributed to the fact that society has a form of gynophobia. The perception is also rooted to bodily processes and sexuality that that women experience, such as reproduction and menstruation. In fact, Yuktiprabodha summarized the Digambar sect’s view on the issue by saying that the female species have impure bodies, which is shown by menstruation, each month. They view menstruation as a form of destroying organisms which goes against their belief . The union of males and females is seen to also destroy organisms in female reproductive parts. Sexual intercourse is compared with insertion of a hot iron rod to a hollow tube which has sesame seeds, thereby destroying them. Another Jain ascetic, Rajcandra also said that everything that resides in the body of a woman is contemptuous. He continued to say that pleasure derived from them is momentary and causes repeated excitement and exhaustion. Women are also viewed as temptations and snares for men who are in pursuit of spirituality. Another reason that women were not given the opportunity in the Digambarans sect lies with the fact that they viewed the role of women as restricted to household duties. This was viewed as the religious and moral duty of women. Actions of women are viewed as primarily to take care of the welfare of the household, husband, kin and assist him in performing duties to deities and ancestors. For instance, the smtiris and Dharmashastras believe that women attain salvation through performance of motherly and wifely duties. There is a further view that renunciation of these roles by women seeking to achieve Moksha would mean that the capacity of women to reproduce would be altered. This would disrupt sansara’s normative order. These are reasons that made women nuns be given subordinate roles when compared with the monks. These practices are shared not only in Jainism but also in other religions like Buddhism. Buddha was also reluctant to allow women to enter the samgha, and Buddhist literature portrayed nuns in negative light, in comparison to lay women. Generally, it is difficult for women to become enlightened since their bodies are perceived to be a focus of sexual desire and violence. Asceticism is thus taken to be masculine and defines retention of semen as one of its components. This is achieved through rigorous training and self control. In women, it is achieved through abstinence and fasting. Svembatara sect. Svetambara sect on the other hand believes that it is possible for women to achieve the level of Moksha. This is supported by the fact that sadhus are allowed to wear clothing, which means that women are not discriminated against . Though some Svetambaras view women as inferior to them, most of them do not. In fact, Mallinath who was a Tirthankar was actually female, according to Svetambara, though Digambara perceive Mallinath as male. Other influential female religious leaders were Rishabha’s mother Marudevi and Mahavira’s mother Trishala. There have also been allegations that monks in both sects have lesser restrictions than nuns. The role of women is however still significant, since evidence shows that the number of female ascetics is greater than that of males. There is also additional evidence that shows of other roles that they played, especially for lay-women. The lay-women for instance had important roles of transmitting values to their families. They also had the responsibility of preparation of food and offering it as alms to ascetics. They had a role to play in religion with evidence showing that they chanted and sung religious hymns. Finally, they used to narrate Jain stories to children. Conclusion. Jain religion has been seen to aim for spiritual growth through detachment from earthly possessions and living a life that helps mankind and protects the environment. Jain been seen to provide freedom to its followers to either leave their households and dedicate their lives to serving the religion or to undertake the same while doing their daily day to day activities. It has been seen to avoid violence to any being, both humans, animals or insects. Jainism has also been seen to be fair to all sexes, providing them with an equal opportunity to participate in religion regardless of their class in society. However, the level of enlightenment for women in the two sects is slightly different. The main reason for this difference originates from material possessions and clothing. Digambarans have been seen to be particularly restrictive of women’s participation in religion and their reach of the level of Moksha, since they perceive that the fact that they wear clothing is a hindrance to their attaining purity. This has also been seen to be an excuse for other underlying issues relating to the female bodies. Menstruation and reproduction have been seen to be a form of violence and desire that Jainism faith is against . The perception that violence originates from bodies of women makes them unfit for achieving moksha. On the other hand, Svetambaras are seen to be more accommodating to women in religion, since they recognize that Jain teachings do not hinder anyone from wearing clothing. Other differences between the sects are seen to be minor, except the fact that they differ in the assertion that Mahavir was married and also the origins of his mother. The two sects are seen to be similar in their detachment from earthly possessions and their commitment in the Jain teachings. In my opinion, Jain faith as much as possible to be fair to women, and accord them equal chances to be ascetics, as men. However, the Digambarans are quite unfair to women, since the nature of their bodies is beyond their control. In menstruation makes women impure, questions can be raised on the body processes of removing waste, from both sexes. The Digambarans should be more accommodative to women and allow them too have a chance of attaining moksha, since every human being came from a woman’s womb. How to cite Women and Enlightenment within the Jain Religion, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Analysis Of Revolt Of Mother Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of Revolt Of Mother Essay In Mary Wilkins Freemans The Revolt of Mother Mother is the typical woman of the late 1890s, who was brought up to be subservient to men, as was common during the era. America was a completely patriarchal society at the end of the nineteenth century. Women had always been perceived as lesser beings than men; women were thought to be less intelligent, weaker, and generally less important than men. The Revolt of Mother was written just around the time when women started demanding their rights, strong women, like Sarah Penn. The characterization of Mother as a meek woman strongly conveys an idea about real women standing up for themselves and their beliefs that was just the beginning of a womens liberation movement toward reform. Freeman portrays Sarah as the typical woman living in America in the late 1800s. Her lack of strength is emphasized strongly in her description, Her forehead was mild and benevolent between the smooth curves of her gray hair; there were meek downward lines about her nose and mouth. The physical characteristics, referred to as mild, meek and benevolent, indicate her personality and yet generalize her so that she could be any woman of that time period. The generality of calling her Mother instead of Sarah in the title symbolizes that all women, not just this one rare case, can make a difference and stand up for themselves. Adonirams lack of interest in the house reflects his lack of interest in his wife. The new house is a womanly place; Mother will take care of it and clean it and cook in it every day for the rest of her life. Adoniram cares much more about himself and his own wants and desires. He spends his days in the barns, so he would prefer a new place for himself before a new place for his wife. He believes that his desires are more substantial than those of a woman. Adonirams sense of power over Sarah is clear when he refuses to answer her questions about the barn he is building. He seems to think he is in some way better than she, for she was just a dumb, but obedient woman. He ignores her when she questions the new barn, and reminds him of the house he had promised her forty years ago. He does not even respect her enough to have a conversation of his plans with her. In his mind, she is not important. because she is a woman. To add insult to injury, he told his son three months ago, because he sees his son as being more important than his wife. Sammy is personified as a smaller, younger Adoniram. He, like his father, did not tell Mother that they were building a barn. A strong comparison is being made when he was being confronted by Mother he showed a face like his fathers under the smooth crest of hair. Similarities between father and son are pointed out as a key reason for Sarah finally taking a stand. Sarahs first rebellious attempt to change Adonirams mind about building her a house failed, illustrating her lack of power. She stood in the door like a queen; she held her head as if it bore a crown; there was that patience which makes authority royal in her voice, but still could not convince her husband to change his mind. He still has no respect for her, although she is starting to try to assert some authority in the household. She is the one who takes care of the whole family, and the house, yet he still refuses to abide by his promise and build her a new house. .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .postImageUrl , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:hover , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:visited , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:active { border:0!important; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:active , .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8aa0dad9d848c748301abbedad5e7bfa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of the Atomic Bomb EssaySarah was unsatisfied with several aspects of her life, and she hoped for a better life for her children. She did everything she could for her daughter, not even letting her do dishes or any other hard work. She wanted Nannys wedding to be in a nice parlor, and she wanted Nanny and George to move in with her, so she could continue protecting and caring for her daughter. She started to see a part of her husband in Sammy, and she saw Nanny as more meek than she, and she did not want her children to succumb to weakness. Sarahs desire for a better life for her children led her to take a stand against Adoniram. She had to show her children how to be strong and independent, and by moving into the barn, she was trying to teach them a lesson. She did not want her children to suffer because they did not know how to stand up for themselves. When Adoniram first confronts Sarah about moving, Sammy gets up and stands in front of her, as a way to protect her, which shows that he learned from his mothers example and stood up for what he believed is right. The message was meant for Nanny, but she cowered behind her mother, meaning that she is still not standing up for herself. Sammys eagerness in telling his father that the family had moved into the barn further demonstrates that Sarah has really taught her son how to stand up for himself, and he was anxious to test his newfound confidence. Adoniram was frightened when he walked in the new house. He did not know what to do when Sarah took control of the situation, and he for the first time, would be obedient to Sarah. Just as Sarah asserted herself against her husband in The Revolt of Mother, millions of women have since then and still do today. A womans position in life has changed completely since the nineteenth century. Expectations of the roles of men and women are much less clearly defined. Yet, The Revolt of Mother is still very relevant today. Many women have demanding and abusive husbands. Many women are sexually harassed or assaulted. And they need to stand up for themselves. It is their responsibility to stop the injustice occurring to themselves. Nothing is going to change if no one ever does anything about it.